The
ACTS of the APOSTLES
and
AFTERWARDS
by
STUART ALLEN
Author of
The Unfolding Purpose of God
On Reading the Bible
The Interpretation of Scripture
The Early Centuries and the Truth
The Kingdom of God in Heaven & on Earth
The Early and Pastoral Epistles of Paul
The Galatian and Roman epistles of Paul
Letters from Prison
etc., etc.
THE BEREAN PUBLISHING TRUST
52A WILSON STREET,
LONDON, EC2A 2ER, ENGLAND
2 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND AFTERWARDS
CONTENTS
Page
Acknowledgement 3
Author's Preface 3
Introduction 4
Chapter One 6
Chapter Two 13
Chapter Three 20
Chapter Four 25
Chapter Five 28
Chapter Six 32
Chapter Seven 34
Chapter Eight 38
Chapter Nine 41
Chapter Ten 46
Chapter Eleven 50
Chapter Twelve 53
Chapter Thirteen 55
Chapter Fourteen 60
Chapter Fifteen 63
Chapter Sixteen 67
Chapter Seventeen 70
Chapter Eighteen 75
Chapter Nineteen 79
Chapter Twenty 84
Chapter Twenty-one 88
Chapter Twenty-two 92
Chapter Twenty-three 94
Chapter Twenty-four 97
Chapter Twenty-five 97
Chapter Twenty-six 102
Chapter Twenty-seven 104
Chapter Twenty-eight 108
Afterwards 115
Indexes
Index to Scriptural references 119
Index to Greek words used 126
Index to Latin words used 126
Index to Structure 126
Note: () should have reference inclosed .
ACTS 6 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Scripture taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION. Copyright ã 1973, 1978, 1984 by
International Bible Society. Used by permission of Hodder & Stoughton Limited.
Except where otherwise noted, all Scripture quotations have been taken from the NEW INTERNATIONAL
VERSION (N.I.V.), as we gratefully acknowledge above. The other versions quoted are:
A.V. Authorized Version
R.V. Revised Version
R.S.V. Revised Standard Version
A.S.V. American Standard Version
Where a Scripture reference contains a word or words printed in italics, this is the author's way of emphasizing
a thought.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE
The Acts of the Apostles is one of the key books of the New Testament. Without it we should be at a loss to
place the epistles, and to trace the purpose of God Who `works out everything in conformity with the purpose of His
will' (Ephesians 1:11). We have therefore given it a verse by verse exposition. It is easy to miss the main object of
this important book and to get side-tracked. But we have tried to avoid this and keep close to Luke's history which
deals with the beginning of Christianity and the development of the purpose of God which can be traced throughout
the Bible and is centred on Christ and His Kingdom. The Gospels deal with what `Jesus began to do and to teach'
concerning this kingdom (Acts 1:1), and are followed by what He continued to do and teach in the Acts through the
work of the Holy Spirit and the instrumentality of Peter and Paul and those associated with them
The author wishes to convey his gratitude to the friends who have assisted so ably in typing, proofing and
making the indexes. May all who read the book come to a knowledge of Him `Whom to know is life eternal', with
endless joy and blessing to follow.
4 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND AFTERWARDS
INTRODUCTION.
When it was written, the book we are considering was known as The Acts by early Christian leaders such as
Origen, Tertullian, Eusebius and others. About the middle of the second century it became known as The Acts of the
Apostles. It was part of an account of the history of Christian origins. The first part was known as the Gospel
according to Luke whose author was Luke, `the beloved physician', and at the beginning, these two Volumes almost
certainly circulated as one complete work. Soon, after the publication of the Fourth Gospel, the first part of Luke's
writing was put together with the other three canonical Gospels, forming one Volume, and the second part of Luke's
writing circulated by itself as we have it today.
The story is not really the Acts of the Apostles, for only three of the original twelve apostles appear in the
narrative, namely Peter, James and John, and the latter two are only mentioned. The book of the Acts records the
Acts of the Holy Spirit through Peter and Paul, who continued to do `all that Jesus began both to do and to teach'
(Acts 1:1). Peter is practically dropped from the story after the conversion of Cornelius.
Later, Paul's epistles were collected together and the two collections were known as The Gospel and The Apostle.
There is no doubt that the Acts played a very important part in relating these two volumes or collections; and without
it we should have great difficulty in placing the books of the New Testament, or of understanding the purpose of
God after the resurrection of Christ.
There has been practically universal agreement that Luke was the human author of the third Gospel and the Acts
of the Apostles. As to the purpose of his writing, we need not guess, but read the prologue to his Gospel :
`Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, 2just
as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eye-witnesses and servants of
the Word. 3Therefore, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning,
it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4so
that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught' (Luke 1:1-4).
He was evidently not an eyewitness of the earlier events recorded in his Gospel, but he certainly had access to
the information which such witnesses could supply. He informs us that many had attempted to give a written record
of what happened at the birth of Christ and afterwards, and we can well understand the difficulties that Christians
had in sorting out all this material when the canon of the New Testament was being formed. We believe that the
superintendence of the Holy Spirit must have worked here so that the completed Word of God did not contain
erroneous matter. This was as much a miracle as the writing of the holy Scriptures.
Luke claims that he made careful and thorough research for the facts contained in his Gospel and that they were
arranged in proper sequence. For the later part of his narrative (the Acts) he could draw on his own experience.
His accuracy as an historian has been clearly and abundantly demonstrated by the research and writings of Sir
William Ramsay. In his early life Ramsay believed that the Acts belonged to the middle of the Second Century
A.D., but as he advanced in his archaeological discoveries in Asia Minor, this, together with his wide and accurate
knowledge of the life of the Roman Empire, led him to conclude that it must have been written in the First Century
with full knowledge.
One of the most impressive facts which proves Luke's accuracy is related to the titles of the various officials in
the Roman Empire which he mentions in his writings. The titles of provincial governors changed suddenly if the
status of provinces was changed, but Luke never makes a mistake here. He was absolutely trustworthy in all the
points where he can be checked, and this being so we should not assume that he is less reliable where we cannot test
his accuracy.
Luke has been criticised on the ground of real or fancied disagreement with Josephus. But Josephus is not more
distinguished for accuracy, and where they disagree Luke is as likely to be right as Josephus.
ACTS 6 5
There can be no doubt that Luke was an exceptional man. Dr Plummer describes him as `the most versatile of
all the New Testament writers'. He was at once a medical doctor, a poet, a traveller, a missionary, a devoted friend,
a great and reliable historian, and a great Christian.
DATE. While some scholars advocate a late date, others give good reason for an earlier date. This is discussed in
the author's introduction to the Gospel of Luke. Professors F.F.Bruce and A.T.Robertson and others give A.D.61-63
as a more likely date. It was possible for Luke to have written both volumes towards the end of the two years of
Paul's imprisonment at Rome (Acts 28:30).
It is not easy to say in a few words what Luke's object was in writing this book. It is not the Acts of all the
apostles. Apart from Peter and John, little is told of any of them after chapter three. Peter himself disappears from
the narrative after chapter fifteen. Paul is not one of the twelve apostles, although some think he ought to be
numbered amongst them. He dominates the atmosphere of the Acts from chapter nine onwards.
It should be noticed that Luke's Gospel stresses the importance of the Gentile, who is seen in a favourable light,
while the Acts gives us a careful account of the spread of God's truth over the Gentile world with Israel's opposition
to it all. It is a summing up of some forty years after the crucifixion, showing how Israel failed again in the purpose
of God, how the Gentile responded, and finally the laying aside of the chosen nation, in blindness and unbelief, who
had dominated the scene, by God's appointment, since the time of Jacob.
This ended the possibility of the setting up at that time of the Messianic Kingdom foreshadowed in the Old
Testament. To miss this is to miss one of the main reasons for the writing of the Acts of the Apostles. The Gospels
inform us of what the Lord Jesus said and did in His ministry to Israel. His own words assure us that He was `sent
only to the lost sheep of Israel' (Matt 15:24) and He confined the ministry of the apostles to Israel, the chosen nation,
avoiding any contact with the Gentiles (Matt. 10:5-8).
This is inexplicable unless the earthly kingdom of the Old Testament is in view. Not that Gentiles were to be
permanently excluded, for that kingdom finally embraces the whole earth when the knowledge of the Lord shall
cover the earth `as the waters cover the sea' (Isa. 11:9) and the Lord Jesus will become more than the King of Israel,
namely the `King over all the earth' (Zech. 14:9 A.V.) and then will the plan of God revealed to Abraham come to
pass, that his seed should be a blessing to `all families of the earth' (Gen. 12:1-3 A.V.).
If the Gospels record the acts and sayings of the Lord Jesus, then the Acts continue the theme by the power and
guidance of the Holy Spirit, so much so that many feel that a more fitting title for Luke's book would be the `Acts of
the Holy Spirit'.
6 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND AFTERWARDS
CHAPTER ONE
`In my former book, Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach 2until the day he
was taken up to heaven, after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles He had
chosen. 3After His suffering, He showed Himself to these men and gave many convincing proofs
that He was alive. He appeared to them over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom
of God. 4On one occasion, while He was eating with them, He gave them this command: "Do not
leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift My Father promised, which you have heard Me speak
about. 5For John baptised with water, but in a few days you will be baptised with the Holy
Spirit."' (Acts 1:1-5).
Luke commences by referring to his former book, namely the third Gospel, and the last verses of the Gospel
overlap the opening verses of the Acts (Luke 24:36-53; Acts 1:1-14). A general comparison of these two
portions of Scripture would take a great deal of space, so we use the admirable summing up of C.H.Welch* :
(A.V.) (A.V.)
Many infallible proofs.
`And as they thus spake,
Jesus Himself stood in the
midst of them and saith
unto them, "Peace be unto
you". But they were
terrified and affrighted, and
supposed that they had seen
a spirit. And He said unto
them, "Why are ye
troubled? and why do
thoughts arise in your
hearts? Behold My hands
and My feet, that it is I
Myself; handle Me and see;
for a spirit hath not flesh
and bones, as ye see Me
have". And when He had
thus spoken He showed them
His hands and His feet. And
while they yet believed not
for joy, and wondered, He
said unto them, "Have ye
here any meat?" And they
gave Him a piece of broiled
fish, and of an honeycomb,
and He took it and did eat
before them'.
` ... the apostles whom
He had chosen: to whom
also He showed Himself
alive after His passion by
many infallible proofs,
being seen of them forty
days'.
(It will be seen that what
Luke wrote in fuller detail,
Acts summarizes under one
head. This is exactly what
we do when referring to
previous correspondence on
any subject).
*See The Apostle of the Reconciliation, obtainable from The Berean Publishing Trust.
ACTS 6 7
before them'.
The Lord's words to His apostles
`And He said unto them,
"These are the words that I
spake unto you while I was
yet with you; that all things
must be fulfilled which were
written in the Law of Moses,
and in the Prophets, and in
the Psalms, concerning Me.
Then opened He their
understanding that they
might understand the
Scriptures"'.
`Speaking of the things
pertaining to the kingdom of
God'.
(Notice how these two
aspects of truth are brought
together in the last verse of
Acts `preaching the
KINGDOM OF GOD, and
teaching those things which
concern the LORD JESUS
CHRIST' - an unobtrusive
connection such as delighted
Paley.* Further, the fact of
their opened understanding
shows their question in to be
right and fitting, as also ).
The Commission
`Repentance and
remission of sins should be
preached in His name
among all nations, beginning
at Jerusalem and ye are
witnesses of these things'.
`Ye shall be witnesses
unto Me both in Jerusalem
and in all Judaea, and in
Samaria, and unto the
uttermost part of the
earth'.
The Enduement
`Behold, I send the
promise of My Father upon
you; but tarry ye in the city
of Jerusalem until ye be
endued with power from on
high'.
`Commanded them that
they should not depart
from Jerusalem, but wait
for the promise of the
Father, which, saith He, ye
have heard of Me ... Ye
shall be baptised with the
Holy Spirit not many days
hence ... Ye shall receive
power, after that the Holy
Spirit is come upon you'.
*W.Paley was a great Christian philosopher (1743-1805) whose books are still valued today.
8 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES AND AFTERWARDS
The Ascension
`And it came to pass
while He blessed them, He
was parted from them, and
carried up into heaven'.
`And when He had
spoken these things, while
they beheld, He was taken
up; and a cloud received
Him out of their sight'.
(Notice how each
supplements the other. The
Gospel tells us `He was
parted from them' but does
not say how. Acts adds the
information concerning `the
cloud'. Acts also adds
statements regarding the
angels and the second
coming of the Lord).
The Apostles' return
`And they worshipped
Him and returned to
Jerusalem with great joy;
and were continually in the
Temple praising and
blessing God'.
`And they returned unto
Jerusalem from the Mount
called Olivet, which is from
Jerusalem a sabbath day's
journey. And when they
were come in, they went up
into an upper room ....
These all continued with
one accord in prayer and
supplication'.
- o - o - o - o - o - o -
Surely the most wonderful experience the apostles ever enjoyed was to have the inestimable privilege of hearing
the Lord Jesus interpret the written Word! The greatest and absolutely infallible Teacher expounds the Word of God
and that for over a month! It could be said that although this was true, the apostles, being human and fallible, might
have failed to understand what He taught. Luke, at the close of his Gospel, shows that this was not so. He quotes
the Lord Jesus as saying :
`44"This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written
about Me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms."
45Then He opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures.' ().
And so, not only did they hear the greatest Teacher interpret the Old Testament, but they clearly understood what He
said, because He gave them that understanding!
As a result of this wonderful teaching, they asked Him a question, and this was not likely to be a foolish one,
when their minds had been enlightened.
ACTS 6 9
`So when they met together, they asked him, "Lord, are you at this time going to restore the
kingdom to Israel?"' ().
Now it is here that expositors can make their own stumbling block. They assume that the apostles, in using the
word `kingdom', meant just a vast political power and nothing more. The point at issue is this, the kingdom that the
apostles mentioned and the one which the Lord explained to them was the Messianic kingdom of the Old Testament.
This cannot be gainsaid. So we ask the question, is this kingdom just a political one bolstered up with great power,
or is it a spiritual one? To answer this in detail would require a large volume, for the Old Testament is so rich in its
description of this kingdom. But we can settle the question by noting what was the purpose of God in choosing
(electing) Israel. We shall have then the very centre of God's plan for His kingdom on this earth.
Let us turn to . God said to Moses :
`3 ... "This is what you are to say to the house of Jacob and what you are to tell the people of
Israel: 4`You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles' wings
and brought you to Myself. 5Now if you obey Me fully and keep My covenant, then out of all
nations you will be My treasured possession. Although the whole earth is Mine, 6you will be for
Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation'. These are the words you are to speak to the
Israelites."'
Later on,
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